Our skin serves many functions, the most important of which is to protect our bodies from the environment. It is composed of three layers: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. The outermost layer is the epidermis, where our skin cells, proteins, and pigmentation are found. On the other hand, the dermis is the middle layer. The innermost, subcutaneous layer is where sweat glands and fat reside. Each of these three layers has connective tissue and elastin fibers that support the skin, providing its elasticity.

Changes in our skin are affected by several factors like genetics, environment, nutrition, and others. Among these, sun exposure is the most significant contributor to skin changes. Try comparing your body parts exposed to the sun regularly with those typically concealed from the sun’s rays. Add to this, the skin’s natural pigments provide the skin with protection from sun damage. Notice that light-skinned people manifest skin changes more than those who have darker, more pigmented skin.

The Effects of Aging on the Skin

As we age, the epidermis thins out, and there is a decrease in pigmenting cells. This is why aging skin looks thinner, paler, and somewhat translucent. In areas of the skin commonly exposed to the sun, age spots sometimes referred to as liver spots, appear. These pigmented spots are known as lentigos.

Also, the skin’s elasticity and strength deteriorate with age. This condition is called elastosis. Elastosis manifests as “leathery” looking skin and is common among those who spend the most time outdoors, such as farmers and sailors.  

As we age, our skin’s ability to repair itself decreases. Aging skin is more easily injured and is more prone to infections than younger skin.  

4 Common Age-associated Skin Problems 

Dry Skin and Itching

It is common among older people to have dry skin spots on their legs, arms, and elbows. These spots typically look rough and scaly. Several factors can cause dry patches among older people, such as low fluid intake, sun exposure, smoking, stress, and the loss of oil and sweat glands typical in aging skin.

Other factors that contribute to dry skin among people include soaps, perfumes, antiperspirants used in excess, and hot baths. Medicines and health conditions like kidney disease and diabetes can also cause dry or itchy skin.

Bruises

Compared to younger people, older individuals are more prone to bruises, plus it takes longer for the skin to heal among the latter. If you observe unexplained bruises on your skin, especially those situated in areas usually dressed in clothing, it is essential to consult your physician immediately for proper diagnosis.

Wrinkles

Age and environmental elements, particularly the sun’s UV rays, render the skin less elastic over time. Gravity is a contributory factor to skin sagging and wrinkling. Smoking, too, is a known factor for causing wrinkles.

If you are bothered by wrinkles, know that, yes, there are plenty of cosmetic products that claim to be effective at removing wrinkles. But the truth is, most of these don’t really work. There are scientifically-tested methods that are effective but should only be carried out by a licensed plastic surgeon.

Skin Tags and Age Spots

Age spots, or what others call liver spots, are flattened, dark spots on the skin also caused by prolonged sun exposure. Typically, these form on the face, arms, hands, back, and feet. Age spots are larger than freckles.

On the other hand, skin tags are small, flesh-colored raised growths on the skin common among aging people. Skin tags typically occur on the eyelids, neck, chest, armpits, and groin.

Both skin conditions are harmless, but skin tags can be irritated.

Caring for Your Skin

Limit sun exposure: While the sun is the best vitamin D source, it is not healthy to bathe in the sun for too long, especially during its peak hours. In summer, stay out of the sun from 10 AM to 4 PM. Even on overcast days, the sun’s UV rays can still penetrate through the clouds.

Wear sunscreen and protective clothing: Use broad-spectrum sunscreen (check the label) with an SPF of 15 and higher. Smooth on the sunscreen at least 30 minutes before sun exposure and best reapplied every two hours. Additionally, you should wear a wide-brim hat (if you’re not carrying an umbrella), sunglasses, and long-sleeved tops, pants, or long skirts made from light fabric to protect your skin from too much sun exposure.

Avoid using tanning beds or sunlamps: No matter what others might say, indoor tanning is not a safe alternative to the sun. Just like the sun, using such instruments likewise increases the risk of skin cancer.

Changes in a person’s skin are among the most apparent signs of aging. Wrinkles, dry skin, dark spots, and bruising are just a few common skin problems among older people. Skin becomes thinner, less elastic, and loses fat cells, making it more prone to injury and less able to self-repair. There are many factors behind the deterioration of the skin, but the leading harmful agent is too much sun exposure. Protect your aging skin by staying hydrated and shielding yourself from the sun.

Meta title: The Effects of Aging on the Skin
meta desc: What happens to your skin as you age? This article discusses the most common problems associated with aging skin and how to care for your skin as you grow older.